To identify strategies to optimize the nutrition of neonates, we have used the neonatal pig as a model of the human infant. Thus, enteral feeding may not achieve the level of protein required to sustain optimal growth. However, enteral feeding is often limited by concerns about the preterm infant’s ability to metabolize nutrients and clinical complications related to feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis ( 5, 6, 7). Although premature infants may be initially provided parenteral nutrition, the goal is to initiate and advance enteral feeding ( 4).

Many babies are born preterm, and, despite improvements in their care, their extrauterine growth frequently falters ( 1, 2, 3). To examine enteral Leu effects on PS and signaling activation, 5-d-old piglets were fed for 24 h diets containing: (i) LP, (ii) LP+L, or (iii) HP. Our results suggest that enteral Leu supplementation of a low protein diet enhances PS in most tissues through mTOR complex 1 pathways. eIF2α and elongation factor 2 phosphorylation was unaffected by treatment. Similar results were obtained for S6K1 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation in gastrocnemius, masseter, heart, liver, pancreas, and jejunum, but not kidney. Although less than HP, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) association with regulatory associated protein of mammalian target of rapamycin was greater in LP+L than LP, resulting in higher S6K1 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation. In longissimus dorsi muscle, protein kinase B phosphorylation was similar in LP and LP+L, but lower than HP. PS in skeletal muscles, heart, liver, pancreas, and jejunum, but not kidney, were greater in low protein supplemented with Leu (LP+L) than LP, but lower than high protein (HP). Continued abuse of our services will cause your IP address to be blocked indefinitely.Leucine (Leu) activates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to upregulate protein synthesis (PS). Please fill out the CAPTCHA below and then click the button to indicate that you agree to these terms. If you wish to be unblocked, you must agree that you will take immediate steps to rectify this issue.

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